Different Communication Needs

Types of Communication Support

Here are several ways people with a learning disability might communicate. Each method plays an important role in helping them connect with others.

Speaking

Many people use spoken words to communicate. Some speak clearly and easily. Others may need more time, support, or encouragement to find the right words. Giving people time and listening patiently can make a big difference.

Pictures and Symbols

For those who struggle with speech, pictures or symbols offer a helpful alternative. Two common tools include:

• PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System): People hand over a picture to ask for something or to express a thought.
• Widgit Symbols: These clear, easy-to-understand images support both understanding and communication.

Together, these methods help people express themselves more confidently.

Makaton Signing

Makaton combines:

• Hand signs
• Symbols (pictures)
• Speech

By using all three together, Makaton makes it easier for people to both understand and be understood. It’s especially useful for those who find verbal communication difficult.

British Sign Language (BSL)

BSL is a complete language used by many Deaf people in the UK. It includes:

• Hand signs
• Facial expressions
• Body language

Unlike Makaton, BSL has its own unique grammar and structure. It’s not just English with signs—it’s a language in its own right

Objects of Reference

Some people use real objects to understand and prepare for what’s happening next. For example:

• Holding a spoon can show it’s time to eat.
• Holding a coat can signal it’s time to go out.

These everyday objects help connect meaning to routines and activities.

Technology and AAC

AAC stands for Augmentative and Alternative Communication. It includes:

• Talking apps on tablets or phones
• Communication boards
• Devices that speak when you press a button

These tools give people who cannot speak a different way to share their thoughts and needs.

Gestures and Facial Expressions

Simple actions like pointing, nodding, or waving, along with smiling or frowning, can say a lot. When someone doesn’t speak, these non-verbal cues often become key to understanding how they feel or what they want.

Writing and Drawing

If someone finds speaking difficult but can use a pen, pencil, or keyboard, writing or drawing can be a great option. They might write words, draw pictures, or type messages to help others understand.